3.6 percent of the world population does not live in the country of birth

The migratory phenomenon, which is one of the immutable issues in the history of humanity, has become a great problem felt in all corners of the world, which international institutions and national states have not been able to solve, beyond being a global phenomenon due to various negative developments in the last 20 years.

With the addition of global warming and environmental disasters to the known causes of migration, such as wars, frozen conflicts, income inequality and mismanagement, the number of people having to leave their geography has reached an unprecedented level. .

Although concepts such as migration, refugee and asylum seeker have become part of everyday life, they have been used in various media as expressions that are sometimes confused with each other, sometimes consciously and sometimes unintentionally.

Although the concept of migration stands out as the highest rubric of human mobility, the concepts of immigrant, refugee or asylum seeker have different definitions due to their legal consequences.

THE LAST DISASTER HAS HAPPENED IN GREECE

The UN defines “immigrants” as people who move from their habitual residence to the interior or exterior of the country, regardless of their status, voluntary or involuntary migration, reason and duration of migration.

Immigrants cannot be called stateless, as they do not have the same rights as refugees.
Again, according to the Directorate of Migration Management and the Geneva Convention on Refugees, especially from the UN, those who are outside the country of their citizenship and cannot benefit from the protection of this country for well-founded fear of being persecuted by their race, religion, nationality, belonging to a certain social group or political opinions. The status granted after the legal process is called “refugee” to the foreigner who does not want to benefit from him for such facts, or to the “stateless” person who is outside of the country of residence as a consequence of such facts, cannot return to it or does not want to return due to the fear in question.

Also called “asylum” are people who do not have refugee status, for whom international agreements grant special status and legal protection, but who had to leave the country in which they find themselves for similar reasons and who are at waiting for your asylum application to be finalized. seekers”.

Immigrants, refugees or asylum seekers are often exposed to discriminatory, marginalized and sometimes racist treatment, as well as the problems derived from having to migrate to an unknown geography.

The issue of migration finds its place in international public opinion mostly with negative developments. Finally, the disaster experienced as a result of the sinking of a fishing boat on June 14 in international waters 47 nautical miles from Navarino on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, in which nearly 700 irregular immigrants were supposedly traveling, can be given as an example. .

281 MILLION FORCED MIGRATION

According to data shared by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights last year, approximately 281 million people, or 3.6 percent of the world’s population, had to migrate outside their country or region of origin due to various reasons in 2020.

86.7 to the European continent including Turkey, 85.6 to the Asian continent, 58.7 to North America, 25.4 to the African continent, 14.8 to the Latin American and Caribbean region, and to the oceanic region including Australia , 9.4 million people emigrated.

108 MILLION PEOPLE FORCEDLY DISPLACED

In the report shared by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on June 14, it was reported that 108.4 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide in 2022 as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events that seriously disturb public order.

In the report, it was stated that of the forcibly displaced people around the world, 35.3 million are refugees, 62.5 million are internally displaced, 5.4 million are asylum seekers and 5.2 million are people who They need international protection.

LAW OF MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES IN

Noting that low- and middle-income countries host 76 percent of the world’s refugees and other people in need of international protection, the report emphasized that Turkey is the country hosting the largest number of refugees in the world, with approximately 3, 6 millions.

In the report, it was stressed that 52 percent of all refugees and people in need of international protection in the world are of Syrian, Ukrainian and Afghan origin.

In the report, which shared the data recorded up to the end of last year, it was noted that 5.7 million people from Ukraine, for example, obtained refugee status. However, according to data from the same institution as of June 6, 2023, the increase in this number to 6.3 million means that the number of both refugees and immigrants will increase by the end of 2023.

The report draws attention to the fact that children, who make up 30 percent of the world’s population, account for 40 percent of those forcibly displaced.

FORCED IMMIGRATION IN YEMEN IN 4.5 MILLION COUNTRIES

In the report, which also included the events in Sudan and Yemen, it was indicated that 1,670,000 people had to move to safe areas of the country, where conflicts occurred, and 482,707 people took refuge in neighboring countries.

It was claimed that approximately 22 million people in Yemen were in need of international assistance, 4.5 million Yemenis had to migrate within the country, and 75,000 people sought asylum in neighboring countries.

Noting that the number of people forcibly displaced has nearly tripled in the last 30 years, the report noted that the number, which was 40 million in 1993, has approached 110 million in 2022. (AA)